12 de Febrero de 2010
Continuando con la temática del post anterior, hoy atenderemos a otro genero de "signo lapidario" que, por sus características, no debería ser considerado (desde mi modesto entender) como una "marca de cantero" al uso.
Al igual que el resto de signos expuestos el pasado 10 de febrero, los que ahora nos ocupan se encuentran en la muro Sur de la Catedral de la Asunción de El Burgo de Osma, en la propia Plaza de San Pedro y, del mismo modo, permanecen ocultos a la espera de ser desvelados por las miradas más atentas; y seguro que muchas comienzan a tornarse como tal cuando tengan constancia de que, en esta ocasión, tales símbolos están relacionados con una temática tan misteriosa y atrayente como es la "Orden del Temple".
Y es que, del mismo modo que en el resto de construcciones sacras, en los edificios templarios se registran numerosos "signos lapidarios" que, a simple vista, parecen no diferir de las "marcas de cantero" más comunes: flechas, bitriángulos, etc... Sin embargo, un análisis detallado de los grabados permite contemplar un rasgo característico...casi una norma: determinados signos aparecen reflejados en las edificaciones templarias con una continuidad que no se manifiesta en el resto de construcciones medievales, pues mientras que en éstas aparecen al azar (reflejando las "rúbricas" identificativas de los maestros constructores) en aquellas se repiten con una insistencia extraordinaria, una reiteración que hace plantearse la posibilidad de una intencionalidad definida por parte de los promotores de estas construcciones templarias (algunos autores, como Juan Eslava Galán, mantienen que se trata de un código secreto).
Estos símbolos suelen representar estrellas, piezas de ajedrez, flechas, ábacus, grafismos rúnicos, telas de araña, etc...amén de dos símbolos particulares de la Orden del Temple: la debatida Cruz Tau y la que nos ocupa, la Cruz Paté o Cruz Patada; y es que, en el muro Sur de la Catedral pueden observarse no una, sino dos cruces patadas que pueden indicar la participación -o influencia- de la Orden en la construcción del edificio.
Resulta lógico pensar que las marcas de los edificios templarios fueron realizadas por los talladores de la piedra, y no por los propios templarios (aunque algunos de ellos fueron constructores y arquitectos) hecho que generó el surgimiento de una cuestión polémica y difícil de esclarecer: ¿grabaron los Maestros Constructores estos signos por su cuenta? o, por el contrario, ¿lo hicieron bajo la indicación del Temple?. La comunidad internacional se inclina por la primera idea lo que, sin embargo, no ha favorecido la disminución de los interrogantes: ¿por qué esa insistencia en grabar determinados signos, y no otros, en los edificios templarios?; ¿el trabajo era realizado por Grupos de Constructores al servicio especial del Temple? o, por el contrario, ¿estaban formados por templarios que transmitían por herencia sus signos?.
Lo cierto es que no existe una respuesta para ninguna de estas cuestiones, por lo que únicamente podemos contentarnos con la ensoñación que puede provocarnos el visionado de un símbolo ligado íntimamente con esta Orden tan enigmática.
Algunos links relacionados con el Temple y Soria: La ermita de San Bartolomé y la Iglesia de Aguilera (1, 2 y 3).
Y recordad, podéis dejar vuestros comentarios en el propio post o, si lo preferís, en la sección "Opina" (estoy deseando leer vuestras críticas!!!)
76 comentarios:
Felicidades por tu artículo. Me gusto mucho.
Sugerencias: ¿Has visto las excavaciones arqueológicas del castillo de Alcalá la Vieja? Seguramente te interesarán
cada vez me gustan tu artículos. Felicidades.
quería decir que cada vez me gustan mas.te haré una entrevista para mi blog saludos.
Muchas gracias por las felicitaciones. Intento hacer lo que puedo en el menor tiempo posible, pero me temo que voy a tener que rebajar el peso de mis post...
Santiago: estoy a tu disposición para lo que necesites, ya lo sabes.
Trasto: ya me dí unos cuantos paseos en su día por allí (aunque mi ámbito de estudio es el mundo clásico) pero creo que, en breve, tendré que repetir la expeditio.
Gracias de nuevo a ambos!!!!
Los signos de cantería eran, como dice su nombre, ejecutados por los canteros y tenían múltiples funciones, muchas de ellas totalmente profanas y nada esotéricas. El Temple es un patrocinador más de iglesias, no el único. La cruz patada no es específica del Temple pues se encuentra por doquier en la Edad Media en lugares nada templarios. Y esta cruz de la catedral burgense no creo que tenga nada de templaria.
Pero es bien cierto que muchos signos canteriles son enigmáticos (yo mismo dediqué una docena de páginas a explicar dos de ellos en San Bartolomé de Ucero). Y cierto es que la cruz patada también presenta un simbolismo esotérico además del propiamente católico.
Lo bonito de nuestra catedral burgense es que decenas y decenas de piedras presentan signos de cantería, aunque pocas son "extrañas", en mi opinión...
Enhorabuena por esta serie de artículos...
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